1. Introduction of Java

 Introduction 

- Java is a powerful, versatile, and simple general-purpose programming language.

- Java is a full-featured general-purpose programming language that is used for developing platform-independent software (applications) running on desktop computers, mobile devices, and servers.

- first released by Sun Microsystems (later acquired by Oracle Corporation) in 1995.

- The development of Java started in the early 1990s by a team of engineers led by James Gosling, Patrick Naughton.

-  It was initially designed for use in interactive television,but it was too advanced technology for the digital cable television industry at the time.

- The project was initially known as "Oak" but was later renamed to Java.

- In 1995, Sun Microsystems released the first version of Java, called JDK 1.0, to the public. 

- The latest version of Java is Java 20 or JDK 20 released on March, 21st 2023 .

ToolChain of Java 

Editions of Java Platforms

They are as follows:

1. Java SE (Standard Edition): 

- This edition is used to develop client-side applications. 

- It is used to develop applications for desktop, communication, and user interface.

- It Use to create StandAlone Application .

- StandAlone Application means if we design  & execute any Application without using client server architecture then application is known as standalone application.

“Java Standalone Application” does not require the Internet. It runs on a local machine.

Ex : Calculator , Notepad .(those application which are not need server or internet to play ). 

2. Java EE (Enterprise Edition): 

- This edition is used to develop server-side applications such as Java servlets, JavaServer Pages (JSP), and JavaServer Faces (JSF).

- It is use to create Enterprises Application or Distrubuted Application  .

- Enterprises Application or Distrubuted Application  means if we design  & execute any Application using on the basis of client server architecture then application is known as Enterprises Application or Distrubuted Application.

- In other words, it is used to develop web-based, messaging, distributed, and enterprise applications.

Ex : Instagram , gmail .

3. Java ME (Micro Edition): 

- This edition is used to develop applications for mobile devices, such as cell phones. It is also used to develop Personnel Digital Assistants, Setup Box, and printers applications.

- It use to create Mobile Base Application .

- Mobile Base Application means if we design  & execute any Application using on the basis of mobile hardware then application is known as mobile base Application .

- we can both standalone & Enterprise application in Micro Edition.

Datatype in Java

Data Type	Default Value	Default size
boolean	false	1 bit
char	'\u0000'	2 byte
byte	0	1 byte
short	0	2 byte
int	0	4 byte
long	0L	8 byte
float	0.0f	4 byte
double	0.0d	8 byte